{"id":3423,"date":"2020-04-23T21:54:20","date_gmt":"2020-04-24T03:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/?p=3423"},"modified":"2020-04-28T21:11:30","modified_gmt":"2020-04-29T03:11:30","slug":"do-any-valid-bishops-still-exist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/do-any-valid-bishops-still-exist\/","title":{"rendered":"Do Any Valid Bishops Still Exist?"},"content":{"rendered":"

+St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen+<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Addressing some concerns<\/strong><\/p>\n

A reader informed me of a Traditionalist piece circulating on the Internet, warning against homealoners who accuse Traditionalist clergy of violating not only canon <\/em>law, but divine <\/em>law. The article states that making such accusations requires specialized training in moral theology, canon law, sacramental law, and dogmatic theology, something available only by enrolling in courses at a Catholic seminary or university. It concludes by noting that none of these unnamed homealoners can boast such a background or realize the extent of their vast ignorance regarding these topics. Well please wipe off your shoes, Mr. Traditionalist, because now you have really stepped in it.<\/p>\n

Everything on this site comes from the popes themselves and credible and approved theological sources writing before the death of Pope Pius XII. These are the Church\u2019s finest examples of scholarship, men Traditionalists cannot even begin to compete with. The majority of papal decrees available on the Internet are in English and were written by the popes for all the faithful, not just the \u201cillumined\u201d Traditional \u201chierarchy.\u201d We are assured by Pope St. Pius X that these teachings of the popes on Divine revelation have been \u201caccommodated to the intelligence of all ages and men, even to these times,\u201d (Oath Against the Errors of Modernism<\/em>, DZ 2145). Not surprisingly, this article did not even bother to list papal sources in its references.<\/p>\n

The theological sources these Traditionalists prefer are often taken out of context by their so-called clergy or never brought to the attention of those who follow them. Comically the author lists his \u201csuperior sources\u201d at the end of his article, and many of these same sources have been quoted on this website for nearly two decades. He also tries to confuse jurisdiction with \u201cdeputation,\u201d a term not even listed in canon law manuals and dictionaries or found in other theological works. As for his \u201csuperior knowledge,\u201d imbibed at the knees of St. Pius X Society gurus operating a \u201cseminary\u201d without papal permission, please forgive me while I guffaw into my hanky. Such sophistry is used for one reason only: to confuse and keep in line followers asking serious questions. The author then launches into a pious tirade promoting the devotion of Trad \u201cpriests\u201d to their faithful and defending their right to minister to these poor, needy souls.<\/p>\n

After falsely accusing homealoners of arguing beside the point in the opening paragraphs, the article proceeds to demonstrate a perfect case of the fallacious argument Petitio principii<\/em> or begging the question<\/em><\/strong>: Assuming as true that which has yet to be proved. Five pages follow that assume all Traditional priests and bishops are validly ordained and consecrated; that they represent the true Church of Christ referred to by the theologians quoted in the article to prove the case and that they possess he jurisdiction necessary to function. This without ever offering one scintilla of proof regarding their validity. Proof of their invalidity<\/em> has been offered in abundance on this website, papal proofs that cannot be refuted even by pre-V2 theologians. And now the burden of proof rests with them. The proofs presented represent the highest proofs available \u2014 those taken from the Roman Pontiffs \u2014 establishing a presumption in law. “He who has a presumption of law in his favor is freed from the burden of proof, which is shifted to his opponent; if the latter cannot PROVE that the presumption failed in the case, the judge must render sentence in favor of the one on whose side the presumption stands.” Canon 1812 tells us that acts issuing from the Roman Pontiff and the Roman Curia during the exercise of their office and entered as proof in ecclesiastical courts \u201cprove the facts asserted,\u201d (Can. 1816), and force the judge to pronounce in favor of the party producing the document, (commentary by Revs. Woywod-Smith).<\/p>\n

As was made perfectly clear in the blog post on epikeia, Bd. Pope Innocent XI (DZ 1151) forbids the use of probable opinions in the reception of the Sacraments. Rev. Dominic Prummer writes: \u201cA doubtful law has no binding force whenever the doubt concerns the lawfulness <\/em>of an act <\/strong>AND NOT ITS VALIDITY<\/em><\/strong>\u2026 All modern theologians are agreed<\/em><\/strong> this principle cannot be applied regarding:\u201d the validity of the Sacraments<\/em><\/strong>, something which is absolutely necessary for salvation or the established right of a third party. This would include the Sacrament of Orders and Penance. Traditionalists can scarcely range themselves against the unanimous opinion of theologians, quoting them as they do. And should they attempt this, they must deal not with homealoners, but with Pope Pius IX:<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is not sufficient for learned Catholics to accept and revere the aforesaid dogmas of the Church\u2026It is also necessary to subject themselves to the decisions pertaining to doctrine which are issued by the Pontifical Congregations, and also to those forms of doctrine which are held by the common and constant consent of Catholics as theological truths and conclusions<\/em><\/strong>, so certain that opinions opposed to these same forms of doctrine, although they cannot be called heretical, nevertheless deserve some other censure\u201d (Tuas Libentur,<\/strong> <\/em>1863: DZ 1684). Having addressed this once again, we now move on to this week\u2019s topic.<\/p>\n

Are true bishops out there?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Can valid and licit bishops still be alive who could elect a true pope and restore the Church? It\u2019s possible, but not likely. In some of the early articles on this site, I assumed there were such bishops, but as the years go by it is less and less likely they are still alive, if they ever indeed did exist. Those who insist there must still be valid clergy alive do so on the premise that the Church as it was constituted by Christ must last until the consummation. To deny this, they maintain, is to deny the Church\u2019s indefectibility.<\/p>\n

Christ \u201cwished <\/em>the pastors and Doctors to be \u2018even unto the consummation\u2019\u201d (DZ 1821), but He also gave man free will and the hierarchy failed miserably in its duty to the flock. When Pope Pius XII taught that the bishops can receive their jurisdiction only through his hands, and do not possess it as a direct grant from Christ, it appears that he likewise resolved this controversy about whether the bishops could retain their powers \u201cunto the consummation\u201d without being in communion with the pope. For the prior teaching held by the Gallicanists was fashioned after their belief that the bishops were necessary somehow to the pope in declaring infallible pronouncements. (In truth the early Gallicanists believed the bishops were, as a body, the pope\u2019s superiors, since, in democratic fashion, they represented the entire body of the faithful.) And in the final analysis, those who claim Traditionalist bishops are the fulfillment of this teaching are making a laughingstock of themselves, for Christ constituted the Church with Peter as its head<\/em><\/strong> and we have no pope!<\/p>\n

Those attending the Vatican Council in 1869 expressed this belief (that the Church as Christ constituted it would last unto the consummation) in council documents on the Constitution of the Church which were never discussed or voted upon. It appears that in many works prior to Vatican 2, theologians relied on this unofficial and unadopted teaching of the Church to determine the nature of indefectibility. The unofficial Vatican Council document states that \u201cChrist\u2019s Church can never lose its properties and qualities, its sacred teaching authority, priestly office or governing body…\u201d (The Church Teaches<\/em>, Jesuits of St. Mary\u2019s College, St. Mary\u2019s Kansas, 1955). Surely Henry Cardinal Manning would not have agreed, since he wrote before<\/em> the council that St. Paul\u2019s \u201cHe who withholdeth\u201d (2 Thess. 2: 6-7) is the Pope, and he would be \u201ctaken out of the way\u201d during the time of Antichrist. In defining the true nature of the authority received by the bishops, Pope Pius XII made it clear that without a true pope, they essentially cannot claim to function. To believe otherwise is a Gallicanist heresy. Catholic prophecy suggests there could still be true bishops alive, but Catholic prophecy is not equal to the teaching of the Church.<\/p>\n

Even if bishops were ordained as infants in Russia, as some historians have asserted, or were secretly consecrated using extraordinary faculties, how would this ever be able to be proven with the necessary degree of certainty? Those consecrated as infants might not even know it themselves. Even if they had been given perpetual extraordinary faculties \u2014 and Pope Pius XII\u2019s infallible papal election constitution, Vacantis Apostolicae Sedis <\/em>(VAS), does not withdraw such faculties during an interregnum \u2014 how would one ever prove that those claiming to\u00a0 possess them actually did possess them, when such documents, especially today, could so easily be forged (as it appears was the case with Abp. Thuc)? We must trust in God to provide these proofs and if they surface, He will either see to it that these credentials are undeniably authenticated, or will gift their bearers with miracles, as St. Francis de Sales requires. We cannot assume these hidden clerics even exist, far less supply anything when we cannot verify their certain existence or confirm these facts. As Abp. Cicognani was quoted in a \u00a0previous post, \u201cEpikeia <\/em>has no place in invalidating laws, for the common good demands certitude concerning the validity of acts.\u201d <\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>The safer course means just that; one does not assume the extraordinary and errs on the side of caution.<\/p>\n

What happens in problematic interregna<\/strong><\/p>\n

The hierarchy is a whole, with the pope at its head. Without the pope it cannot do much, as St. Robert Bellarmine teaches. If such bishops and senior priests physically exist, their only function would be to elect a true pope.Concerning the duty of bishops to elect a true pope in such circumstances, Bellarmine writes: \u201cIf he [the pope] refuses to resign, it becomes the duty of the bishops to adjust the matter, for although the bishops without the pope cannot define dogmas nor make laws for the universal Church, they can and ought to decide, when occasion demands, who is the legitimate pope;\u00a0 and if the matter be doubtful, they should provide for the Church by having a legitimate and undoubted pastor elected. That is what the Council of Constance rightly did,\u201d (Fr. Berry, The Church of Christ,<\/em> De concilio, ii, 19). And in another part of his work Bellarmine wrote: \u201cIn no case can a true and perfect council be convoked to define matters of faith without the authority of a Sovereign Pontiff. But in both cases (of an heretical or insane pope) an imperfect council can be convened to give the Church a Chief, but without a Chief, many matters cannot possibly be defined,\u201d (De<\/em> Concilis<\/em>, L. I., C. 14). The Council of Constance determined that all three popes were doubtful, clearing the way for the cardinals to elect. In our case, there are no cardinals OR known bishops presiding. Only a miracle could make them known to us and secure their apostolicity.<\/p>\n

Theologians, writing on the various possibilities that might face the Church, say that when the regular electors are not available, the devolution principle comes into play under Canon 178. This means that the right to election falls on various bodies in descending order. The theologian Sylvester Ferraris believed that in the event of the Cardinals all being dead, the election of a pope would devolve upon a general council. Cardinal Cajetan believed that the task fell to the clergy of the universal Church. The Catholic Encyclopedia<\/em> says that it could not fall upon a general council, but would fall to the remaining clergy of Rome, agreeing with what St. Bellarmine says above regarding the inability to call a true and perfect council. Pope Pius XII\u2019s Vacantis Apostolicae Sedis<\/em> also teaches that during an interregnum, the cardinals have no authority to change Church laws or teaching, but must refer all matters save a set few governing the election to a future pope.<\/p>\n

Rev. Anscar Parsons, in his dissertation, Canonical Elections<\/em> (Catholic University of America Press, 1939) notes that papal election law is based on the canon laws governing ecclesiastical elections. Whenever there seems to be no law governing a certain matter, Canon 18 refers those seeking answers to parallel passages of the Code and the mind of the lawgiver. Canon 160 governs papal elections. Parallel passages of the Code on ecclesiastical elections, which must be consulted when the law is not clear, require that an election can only be delayed when over half of the electors are impeded from electing, which is the case in this situation, and in such a case: \u201cThe election can be indefinitely prolonged<\/em><\/strong>… [However] The impediments to action must be extraordinary, such as war, or pestilence\u201d (Parsons). Vacantis Apostolicae Sedis<\/em> allows only 18 days to complete a papal election following the death of the pope. In ecclesiastical elections, only three months is granted to complete the election, and if those who are obligated to hold the election do not act within that time, then they lose the right to elect. \u201cIf the three months expire without action\u2026all right to election is lost and the appointment devolves\u201d Parsons writes. This would apply to the cardinals, but the election could only devolve as far as the bishops of the universal Church, for no one but certainly valid and licit clergy currently have the right under law to elect.<\/p>\n

In his The Origins of the Great Western Schism<\/em>, Walter Ullmann relates that Cardinal Zabarella, writing at the time of the Western Schism proposed that in the event of two claimants to the papal see, only a Council composed of the most capable and senior in position <\/em><\/strong>can decide who is truly pope. In trying to resolve the Western Schism, Zabarella deplored the \u201cincalculable damage\u2026inflicted upon the Faith and the Church if the latter were in the hands of an heretical pope,\u201d something we have witnessed in our day. Ullmann reports that Zabarella favored the calling of a Council by the Emperor and presumed that \u201cgood clerics and loyal believers and followers of the Church\u201d would support such a council; and they did. Indeed the Emperor Sigismund insisted on the calling of Constance, following Zabarella\u2019s reasoned line of thinking. Cardinal Zabarella further wrote: \u201cIt is the people themselves who have to summon the neighboring bishops for special purposes if the properly instituted bishop neglects his duty of summoning his colleagues,\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (Ibid. Ullmann; emph. mine). In a case such as ours, Zabarella says, \u201cgood clerics and loyal believers and followers of the Church\u201d would need to resolve the situation, and God would have to intervene,<\/em><\/strong>since the Church, \u2018cannot not be.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

So it was the bishops <\/em>who failed the faithful, for how could the people compel them to vote when they refused to even consider the See of Rome vacant?! Some hold that after the death of a pope bishops do not lose jurisdiction, but how is this possible when they follow a false pope? This would constitute schism and schism results in excommunication and loss of jurisdiction. Yes, such a bishop, not compromised in the manner of Lefebvre and Thuc, could validly consecrate priests, but this has already been discussed in previous website articles and blog pieces. Bishops receive jurisdiction directly from the Roman Pontiff prior to their consecration; this is what the papal mandate is based upon. This is called ordinary jurisdiction, exercised from a specific office, and it can be directly exercised only on subjects in a certain area. Bishops following Vatican 2 lost their offices as proven below in Pope Paul IV\u2019s bull. And because bishops following the death of Pope Pius XII acknowledged a false pope, they could not be abjured from their schism nor exercise any jurisdiction once received.<\/p>\n

Situation in the 1960s and Cum ex Apostolatus Officio<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

According to an article in the New York Times Nov. 23, 1970, Paul 6 forbade Cardinals over 80 years of age to participate in the election of a new Pope.\u00a0The prohibition went into effect Jan. 1, 1971. The article notes: \u201cThe reform\u2026 increases the chances for the next Pope to be non\u2010Italian and, possibly, a progressive. A total of 25 cardinals who were 80 years of age by Jan. 1, 1971 were eliminated from the College of Cardinals by the new rule. Eleven of them were Italians, and the article states: \u201cMost of these and of the 14 non\u2010Italian Cardinals in the group are noted conservatives\u201d (https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1970\/11\/24\/archives\/voting-for-popes-is-barred-to-cardinals-over-80-prelates-over-80.html<\/a>). They remained members of the Sacred College of Cardinals, but generally it was understood they would not be candidates for papal election.<\/p>\n

Those cardinals over 80 furloughed by Paul 6 in 1970 could have gathered together, decided he and Roncalli were invalidly elected and elected a true pope, but this did not happen. After three months of having been officially cut loose and supposedly better able to protest the last two \u201cpapacies,\u201d the false V2 council and the NOM, they also lost any right to elect.\u00a0 The bishops who did not agree with Vatican 2 and saw what was happening in the Church and that these cardinals, even after being disrespected by Paul 6 refused to act, were then obligated to gather and elect a true pope, but this did not happen either; all of them were corrupt.<\/p>\n

In the previous blog on doubtful papal elections, the Bull of Pope Paul IV, Cum ex Apostolatus<\/em> Officio<\/em> was quoted to show that there is no time limit for departing from false popes and disavowing their elections. This bull falls under Can. 6 \u00a74, which governs the entire code regarding doubts of law. It reads: \u201cIn case of doubt whether some provision of the Canons differs from the old law, one must adhere to the old law.\u201d In this case the doubt regards heresy in one appearing to be pope, a case never encountered since the definition of the Vatican Council on infallibility in 1870. The last anti-pope recorded in Church history reigned in the 15th<\/sup> century. The Vatican Council forever defined that a true pope could never be a heretic and only barely conceded he could possible fall into heresy as a private person (although this has never occurred in Church history). Cum ex<\/em>\u2026 is the only known document that deals with both heresy in general and the case of a pope appearing to be a heretic as pope in particular. It also is the parent law of nearly all the laws regarding heresy that are cited in the Code.\u00a0 Traditionalists and others insist this bull was abrogated by the 1917 Code but this claim was long ago refuted in the site article Cum ex<\/em><\/strong>\u2026, Infallible and Retained in the Code. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>There is no record anywhere <\/em><\/strong>of any abrogation of Cum ex<\/em>\u2026, most certainly not in the 1917 Code. The Latin version of the Code, Codex Iuris Canonici<\/em> by Peter Cardinal Gasparri (Newman Press, 1957) makes several references to Cum ex<\/em>\u2026 in the footnotes. He lists not only Can. 188 \u00a74 but also several other Canons, including Can.167 \u00a73, 2198, 2209 no. 7, 2264, 2314, 2316 and 2317 \u2014 all of which deal with heresy, apostasy and schism \u2014 and there may be others, (actual photographic copies of this listing are available upon request). Rev. Amleto Cicognani comments: \u201cUnder the canons are placed footnotes or notes\u2026first from the \u2018Codicis Iuris Canonici<\/em>,\u2019 the Constitutions of Popes, from the Sacred Congregations, and from Liturgical Books\u2026In the Code there are nearly 26,000 citations of the old law. Of these, 8,400 are from Gratian’s Decretum; about 1,200 from Ecumenical Councils; about 4,000 from Papal Constitutions and about 11,200 from the Sacred Congregations and 800 from liturgical books.\u201d Cicognani further notes that Cardinal Gasparri had already prepared some six volumes of the footnotes under the title Codicis Iuris Canonici Fontes<\/em> and more volumes were in preparation.<\/p>\n

\u201cSurely this is a very eloquent reply to those who think that since the Code the old laws of the Church have lost all utility, and the history of their sources is become meaningless <\/em><\/strong>\u2026Outside the Code there still remains in force<\/em><\/strong>\u2026the old written law, contained (at least implicitly) in the Code<\/em><\/strong>,\u201d along with several other laws, customs and privileges listed by Cicognani. He continues: \u201cIn a commentary on the Canons the footnotes must never be neglected<\/em><\/strong>, lest that occur of which Quintilian spoke: \u2018the pediments are viewed, the foundations are hidden,\u2019\u201d (Canon Law<\/em>, Dolphin Press 1935). Rev. Nicholas Neuberger comments in his Canon 6 dissertation: \u201cWhen it is doubtful whether the prescription of a Canon disagrees with the old, the latter must be upheld. In doubt, the presumption is in favor of the former legislation. The presumption is merely in favor of a more seasoned (or \u201ccertain\u201d) rule of interpretation.\u201d And whether it is the old law, Cum ex<\/em>\u2026, or the new, the results are the same: the Vatican 2 era bishops cannot escape censure.<\/p>\n

Bishops excommunicated under Cum ex\u2026 and the 1917 Code <\/strong><\/p>\n

The bishops who failed to fulfill their duties following Vatican 2, conceding to the celebration of the \u201cnew mass\u201d and acknowledging John 23rd<\/sup> and Paul 6 as true popes, incurred communicatio in sacris<\/em> and infamy of law along with the censure for heresy and\/or schism under Can. 2314.\u00a0 Canon 2314 reads:<\/p>\n

“All apostates from the Christian faith and each and every heretic or schismatic<\/em><\/strong> incur the following penalties: (1) ipso facto <\/em>excommunication; (2) If they have been admonished and do not repent, they shall be deprived of any benefice, dignity, pension, office<\/em><\/strong> or other position which they may hold in the Church; they shall be declared infamous and, if they are clerics, they shall, after renewed admonition, be deposed; (3) If they have joined a non-Catholic sect or have publicly adhered to it, they incur <\/em><\/strong>INFAMY<\/em><\/strong> ipso facto<\/em>, and, if they are clerics and the admonition to repent has been fruitless, they shall be degraded<\/em><\/strong>,” (and here is made reference to Can. 188\u00a74). Lay persons also can incur infamy of law. There is also Can. 2264 to consider, a canon which has Cum ex\u2026<\/em> as a footnote: \u201cActs of jurisdiction by an excommunicated person are illicit and if a condemnatory or declaratory sentence has been issued against him, his acts of jurisdiction are\u00a0invalid<\/em><\/strong>, without prejudice to the rule of Can. 2261 \u00a72. Nor Can. 2261 \u00a72 mention notorious <\/em>heresy, apostasy or schism, which are not considered under this canon. Can. 2265 also says that those who are excommunicated \u2014 for any reason, not just apostasy, heresy or schism \u2014 cannot be ordained.<\/p>\n

If the old law, Cum ex\u2026,<\/em> is referenced regarding whether these declarations must be made in order to \u201cactivate\u201d the excommunications, Pope Paul IV teaches: \u201c…Each and every one of their statements, deeds, enactments, and administrative acts, of any kind, and any result thereof whatsoever, shall be without force and shall confer no legality or right on anyone. The persons themselves so promoted and elevated shall, ipso facto and without need for any further declaration<\/strong><\/em>, be deprived of any dignity, position, honor, title, authority, office and<\/em><\/strong> power<\/em><\/strong>\u2026\u201d The old law is now the law governing their actions, because there is no other law that adequately covers this complicated situation.\u00a0Canon 6 \u00a74 states \u201cin doubt\u2026 one must adhere to the old law.\u201d Revs. Woywod-Smith lay out the effects of infamy of law under Can. 2294 \u00a71:<\/p>\n

\u201cA person who has incurred infamy of law is not only irregular, as declared by Can. 984 n. 5, but in addition, he is incapacitated from obtaining ecclesiastical benefices, pensions, offices and dignities, from performing legal ecclesiastical acts,<\/em><\/strong> from discharging any ecclesiastical right or duty, and must be restrained from the exercise of sacred functions of the ministry<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d The authors continue: \u201cThe person who has incurred\u2026an infamy of law\u2026cannot validly obtain ecclesiastical benefices, pensions, offices and dignities, nor can he validly exercise the rights connected with the same, nor perform a valid, legal ecclesiastical act,<\/em><\/strong>\u201d (all emph. within quotes in this article is the author\u2019s). When imposed in the form of a penalty attached to law, this sentence takes place immediately. Infamy is an additional penalty separate from excommunication.<\/p>\n

As explained in Rev. Eric Mackenzie\u2019s\u2019 The Delict of Heresy<\/em> (Catholic University of America,1932 ; pgs. 69 and 72): \u201cThe joining of the non-Catholic sect may follow after the externalization of heretical error as a consequence, or may itself be the first internal act which manifests the internal sin of heresy\u2026As a penalty for his aggravated delict, he incurs juridical infamy ipso facto<\/em>. This is quite independent of infamy of fact and may be incurred without the loss of reputation in the judgment of the general public.\u201d Revs. Woywod-Smith comment on Can. 731: \u201cAll canonists and moralists agree that those who are heretics or schismatics and know they are wrong<\/em><\/strong> cannot be given the Sacraments of the Church unless they renounce their errors and are reconciled with the Church. Numerous decrees of the Holy Office put this point beyond controversy.\u201d<\/p>\n

So did these bishops KNOW they were wrong? Ignorance of the laws (and teachings) of the Church is no excuse for those expected to be the successors of the apostles. If say only five bishops, or 10 worldwide had gathered at an incomplete or imperfect council together with a few senior priests, after seeing the default of the cardinals, an election could have been held. All were summoned by some of the faithful in 1989-90 and none responded. Many of them by that time were dead, but surely some were still alive. The vast majority of the bishops at Vatican 2, including Lefebvre and Thuc, signed all the false council documents. Only a handful were left who could have credibly separated themselves and held such an election. This is confirmed by the vote tally obtained from the Vatican Secret Archives, although those providing this tally admit it may not be accurate. Still, even if the opposing votes are reduced to one-third of what was reported, plenty of bishops remained who could have posited such an election.<\/p>\n

If the same bishops consistently voted against the V2 propositions, how could it be said they didn\u2019t know the council was wrong or at the very least, fatally flawed? If lay people with limited resources could discover the alternative in such a case, what excuse could they possibly offer that would justify their actions? Cum ex Apostolatus Officio<\/em> was first unearthed in the mid-1970s but was roundly ignored and is still demonized as an archaic, non-infallible document to this day; had it been acknowledged and followed it would have resolved everything. \u00a0How have these bishops answered to God for betraying the sheep entrusted to them? We cannot fool ourselves into thinking there were bishops who opposed V2 and fulfilled their obligations when these same men turned around and, in the end, remained within the V2 church. Force or fear could not excuse them, nor could ignorance of Church law and teaching excuse them. If they were so cowardly as to desert the flock entrusted to them they were nothing but wolves posing as shepherds. They had one duty to perform and they failed to carry it out: the canonical election of a Roman Pontiff.<\/p>\n

If certain bishops still had extraordinary faculties to consecrate other bishops without the papal mandate they could have done this, but only in order to create just enough bishops to accomplish a papal election<\/em><\/strong>. The fact is, none of them with such faculties stepped up to fulfill their obligations and declare the See vacant after the false V2 council ended. Some will say Thuc did this, but then he signed himself in his declaration as the Bishop of Bulla Regiae and this was a title granted him by Paul 6! It easily demonstrates he did not understand the dynamics of the crisis in the Church or the consequences of what he was declaring. These bishops with extraordinary faculties would not have been justified in trying to operate on their own without electing a true pope because this is an explicit denial of the necessity of the papacy and constitutes heresy. As St. Robert Bellarmine and Cardinal Zabarella explained above, an imperfect council could have been convened by valid bishops and domestic prelates (monsignors) to elect a true pope; it was not. The faithful should have risen up and demanded action; they did not. Instead they made excuses for the very pastors who deserted them, and some maintain these men can be excused on the grounds of force and fear. This will be treated below.<\/p>\n

Force and fear in the commission of delicts<\/strong><\/p>\n

In 1944, Rev. Alan McCoy O.F.M., J.C.L. wrote a dissertation, \u201cForce and Fear in Relation to Delictual Imputability and Penal Responsibility,\u201d (Catholic University of America<\/em>). Under the general heading of \u201cDelictual Acts Interdicted by Divine Authority,\u201d he writes: \u201cWhen an act is intrinsically evil, or involves contempt of the faith or of ecclesiastical authority, or works to the detriment of souls<\/em><\/strong>\u2026imputability is not taken away in such cases since in these instances the observance of the law still urges under the pain of sin, even though the most severe personal hardship or danger, or also the greatest private harm might come from such observance. And the reason for this is that some spiritual good, either of God or of the Church or of individual souls is involved\u2026There is consequently always grave guilt in the deliberate transgression of such a law.\u201d<\/p>\n

As Rev. William Conway also notes in his Problems in Canon Law<\/em>, grave inconvenience which excuses from the observance of a law applies only to ecclesiastical <\/em>laws; McCoy speaks here of violations of Divine law. And McCoy duly notes that not even the gravest personal hardship or greatest private harm excuses from observing the law. Here we find ourselves back at the absolute obligation to follow the safer course where Divine law is concerned. In the violation of the Divine law, positive or natural, only grave fear externally manifested to witnesses would excuse from incurring the censure<\/em> attached to the violation of such laws, (1937 decision by the Pontifical Commission for the Authentic Interpretation of the Code). Most authors agree it does not excuse from the sin, however, and in our case there is no indication that there was ever a question of grave fear in these cases; so the censure still binds. While it applies to delictual acts that are intrinsically evil, it does not excuse from those acts which, \u201cinvolve contempt of the Faith or work to the public <\/em>harm of souls,\u201d (Ibid).<\/p>\n

On page 92 McCoy discusses what the Code considers to be acts involving contempt of the faith. He identifies the titles in the Code containing these acts as XI and XII of the fifth book, concerning \u201cDelicts Against the Faith and Unity of the Church and Delicts Against Religion.\u201d These include heresy, apostasy and schism<\/em><\/strong>; communication in sacred rites with heretics; usurpation of priestly functions and sacrilege<\/em><\/strong>, also any recourse to the civil power from the acts of the Apostolic See and interference with the liberty and rights of the Church<\/em><\/strong>, among others. These last two offenses must be considered because both Pope Pius XII\u2019s papal election law and the Church\u2019s rights have been ignored. As mentioned elsewhere, Catholics are bound by Can. 1325 to profess their faith in the face of persecution, and this means they are never to resort to silence, subterfuge or indicate by their manner of acting that they are denying their faith. The above acts in bold outline precisely the delicts committed by Vatican 2 bishops. These acts show a particular contempt for the laws and rights of the papacy as well as the faithful. This undeniably works to the public harm of every soul on earth.<\/p>\n

On page 97, under the heading \u201cActs that Work to the Detriment of Souls,\u201d McCoy writes: \u201cThese are all acts which draw people away from the faith or from the practice of Christian morals and thus expose them to the danger of eternal damnation<\/em><\/strong>\u2026Those acts which, by their nature, work to the detriment of souls are listed particularly in Titles XVI and XVII of the fifth book of the Code\u2026bearing the headings: \u2018Offenses Committed in the Administration or Reception of Orders or the Other Sacraments\u2019 and \u2018Offenses Against the Obligations Proper to the Clerical and Religious State.\u2019\u201d Among the offenses McCoy lists that work TO THE DETRIMENT OF SOULS<\/strong> are: \u201c\u2026the administration of Sacraments to those who are <\/em><\/strong>forbidden to receive them\u2026the consecration of a bishop without a papal mandate\u2026the reception of Orders from unworthy prelates\u2026the negligence of a pastor in the care of souls<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d So in these last two paragraphs we have covered both the excommunications of Vatican 2 bishops and all Traditionalist wannabe clerics. So much for Traditionalists\u2019 solicitous concern for souls.<\/p>\n

Canon 2229 \u00a73, (3) states: \u201cGrave fear does not exempt from penalties latae sententiae<\/em> if the offense entails contempt of the faith, or of ecclesiastical authority, or public injury to souls.\u201d Both NO and Traditionalist \u201cbishops\u201d are guilty of this contempt as well as detriment to the souls they involve in sacrilege and cooperation in sin. How can these times in which we live be anything<\/em> but the Great Apostasy foretold by St. Paul? Strike the shepherd and the sheep shall be scattered,\u201d (Zach. 13:7). Without the pope, there IS<\/em><\/strong> no Church.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

+St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen+ Addressing some concerns A reader informed me of a Traditionalist piece circulating on the Internet, warning against homealoners who accuse Traditionalist clergy of violating not only canon law, but divine law. The article states that making such accusations requires specialized training in moral theology, canon law, sacramental law, and dogmatic theology, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3423"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3423"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3424,"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3423\/revisions\/3424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}