{"id":1724,"date":"2014-05-01T14:43:03","date_gmt":"2014-05-01T20:43:03","guid":{"rendered":"\/?page_id=1724"},"modified":"2022-06-27T18:06:25","modified_gmt":"2022-06-28T00:06:25","slug":"b-introduction-and-links-to-primary-sources","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/free-content\/4-a-catholic-course-of-study-new\/b-introduction-and-links-to-primary-sources\/","title":{"rendered":"B. Introduction and Links to Primary Sources"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\t\t\t\t[et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text”]\u00a9 Copyright 2013, T. Stanfill Benns (This text may be<\/em> downloaded or printed out for private reading, but it may not be uploaded to another Internet site or published,<\/em> electronically or otherwise, without express written permission from the author. <\/em>All emphasis within quotes is the author\u2019s unless indicated otherwise.)<\/em><\/p>\n

After corresponding with people from all over the world for over 30 years and listening to their tales of woe concerning Traditionalists and other groups, I am convinced that those searching for the true faith these days need a new approach to understanding Catholicism \u2014 an approach different from those methods once used by the Church in the past when She was the Church, in all Her glory.\u00a0 For years I have been trying to determine how one should best direct people today to the Church using Her own teachings without a true pope as Her head. In the course of study, solutions have presented themselves and the intent of these most recent articles is to attempt to present them as a method that will provide a higher degree of certainty than the methods most commonly used in the past provided. This is necessary because today we have no visible Church to which we can refer people \u2014 no magnificent edifice as formerly of which can be said \u201cShe is the best proof of all that is good, holy and true.\u201d Of course all that went before still exists and is still good, holy and true. But the visible evidence of this does not exist presently, and as Rev. Patrick Madgett S.J. teaches, \u201cNo matter how learned we become, we are always more moved by present and visible things than by absent or mental things,\u201d (Christian Origins, Vol. II).<\/p>\n

When it comes to the juridic Church Herself today we have access to a wealth of material explaining and documenting what She was in her heyday, how she behaved and what She taught\/teaches. No one can claim they are not able to find these resources, which are readily available on the Internet. Do we have a greater obligation to educate ourselves and to seek this information out today and understand it than the early Christians? Rev. Peter Finlay S. J. believed that we did long before the advent of modern technology and the many decrees of the last three true popes (Benedict XV, Pius XI, Pius XII). In his \u201cDivine Faith\u201d he wrote: \u201cWe have the same body of doctrines set out for us [as the first Christians]; we have the advantages of [almost 20] centuries of Christian thought and meditation on them. Is it any wonder we should have a better understanding of the contents of the Divine Deposit than the Christians of the early centuries?<\/em><\/strong>…Revelation, dogma, in its most developed state is the same revelation which was preached by the Apostles to the first Christians<\/em><\/strong>; which was taught and explained by the early Fathers; which was studied and discussed by the schoolmen and the apologists; which was believed in every age by the simple Faithful; but which is now better understood, more clearly distinguished into its own component parts, more evidently opposed to the errors which it condemns<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n

And Rev. Joseph Clifford (J. C.) Fenton, in his article, \u201cThe Religious Assent Due to the Teaching of Papal Encyclicals,\u201d wrote in 1950: \u201cA tremendous and increasingly important amount of religious teaching has been presented to the Church in papal encyclicals, and authoritatively only in these documents, especially during the past half-century. Hence it seems clear that theologians should do everything within their power to describe and explain the assent due to thee doctrines as accurately and adequately as possible,\u201d (American Ecclesiastical Review). So for those today, there are far fewer excuses for failing to \u201cread and understand\u201d revelation, considering the wealth of explanations, commentaries and papal pronouncements at our fingertips.<\/p>\n

But first there must be an attraction to the Catholic Faith; this is God\u2019s grace at work. Unless this attraction precedes all else, interest will be lacking (although it may be mistaken for curiosity) and efforts to convert will not be successful. Because the Catacomb Church is not organized or readily visible to the observer, it is harder for those seeking truth to accept the idea of a Mystical Body of believers spread across the world in union with their Divine Head, yet absent a visible hierarchy. That this is prophecy being fulfilled before our very eyes and is only a temporary situation until Christ either re-establishes His Church or comes for the Final Judgment must be carefully demonstrated. It is not \u201cgood news\u201d to many but those who truly are drawn to the Church by grace and who love Her already believe that we live in the Latter Days. In these times we are asked to \u201cpray and watch,\u201d and this means that we must above all devote ourselves to prayer in all its many forms in order to save our own souls. We must pray; that is we must engage in both vocal and mental prayer in order that we may do a better job of knowing, loving and serving God, knowing ourselves better, and more profitably performing our daily duties<\/em><\/strong>, (Catechism of Mental Prayer, Rev. Joseph Simler). We must perform all these duties, every day, for the honor and glory of God and in reparation for our sins, as we pray in the Morning Offering. Every pious thought, every pious desire, every lifting of our hearts to God is a mental prayer<\/em><\/strong> (Ibid). As stated above, study can be joined to prayer \u2014 watching to praying \u2014 when one meditates on the subjects studied while writing them out for the benefit of others. In fact Rev. A. D. Sertillanges, O. P. tells us that study \u201cis an active prayer to truth<\/em><\/strong>,\u201d because like prayer, \u201cstudy is a desire and invocation of the True,\u201d (The Intellectual Life).<\/p>\n

In 2 Maccabees 2: 26-28, quoted on the homepage of this site, we see that watching is associated with the labors of study, for this verse reads: \u201cWe have taken care for those indeed that are willing to read that it might be a pleasure of mind; and for the studious, that they may more easily commit it to memory: and that all that read might receive profit. And as to ourselves indeed, in undertaking this work of abridging, we have taken in hand no easy task, yea rather a business full of watching and sweat<\/em><\/strong>. But as they that prepare a feast, and seek to satisfy the will of others: for the sake of many, we willingly undergo the labor<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d Watching also includes keeping our Lord company in prayer (holy hours) for didn\u2019t the three Apostles fail Him in Gesthemane when He asked them to pray with Him and instead they slept? Watching, especially in these times, must encompass safeguarding the Divine Deposit and all that entails as well. It must find us at the feet of Jesus, learning this Deposit firsthand, and finally at the foot of the Cross, learning the true meaning of faith, hope and charity.<\/p>\n

It is our hope that the new articles will aid those devoted to praying and watching as described above. But before readers begin studying this series, we ask that they read and take notes on the excerpts from Catholic works on faith below.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Read the chapter on \u201cFaith, the Gateway of the Church,\u201d by Rev. Patrick Madgett S. J., Xavier University, Ohio; 1943. (Please also read Pope Pius XII\u2019s Humani Generis online as Rev. Madgett\u2019s work was written prior to this encyclical and is not clear on the infallibility of papal encyclicals, defined in Humani Generis.)<\/p>\n

\u2022 Read also the chapter from Rev. John Kearney\u2019s (CS.Sp.)\u201cOur Greatest Treasure\u201d on the Gift of Faith, \u00a0(Benziger Bros., 1942).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Be sure to read and study the Vatican Council documents, (see link on last page to Sources of Catholic Dogma)<\/p>\n

\u2022 The Vatican Council documents will be much better understood if two books by Henry Cardinal Manning also are read, giving the purpose and the history of the Vatican Council. Links to free downloads of these books are found on the last page of this section.<\/p>\n

\u2022 See also links to the 1917 Code of Canon Law, the Catholic Encyclopedia and St. Thomas Aquinas\u2019 Summa below.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Finally, please read the encyclical Mystici Corporis by Pope Pius XII which can easily be found by googling the Latin words in this title.<\/p>\n

When you have completed this study, return to this page to begin the actual study method recommended here. This will progress through the points below.<\/p>\n

Order of understanding faith:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Divine Faith (Christ revealing)<\/p>\n

\u2022 Divine and Catholic Faith (Christ revealing, the Church defining)<\/p>\n

\u2022 In both the ordinary and extraordinary magisterium (both equally binding, Vatican Council)<\/p>\n

\u2022 In bulls, encyclicals, constitutions, but also in addresses and allocutions (Pius XII\u2019s Humani Generis; common opinion of theologians)<\/p>\n

\u2022 In decisions of the Holy Office (as Pius IX taught in Tuas Libentur)<\/p>\n

\u2022 In Canon Law, (since the Church also is infallible in Her disciplinary decrees, according to the Vatican Council).<\/p>\n

Fundamental truths:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 The Church cannot and has not changed Her dogma from the beginning of Her existence, (DZ 1800, DZ 2145).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Once the popes have spoken on any matter, the subject is forever closed, (DZ 161).<\/p>\n

\u2022 No proofs of lesser weight can gainsay a document signed by the Roman Pontiff, (<\/strong>\/articles\/a-catholics-course-of-study\/canon-law\/pontifical-acts-provide-irrefutable-proofs-in-canonical-cases-links\/<\/a> ; Canons 1812, 1816, 1819).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Infallible documents of both the ordinary and extraordinary magisterium demand an irrevocable assent, (DZ 349, 357,1792).<\/p>\n

\u2022 The popes may not be judged by anyone, (DZ 497; DZ 1830).<\/p>\n

\u2022 No pope, as true pope, can ever \u201cfall\u201d into heresy, although he can appear to do so. (Paul IV\u2019s Cum Ex Apostolatus Officio, 1559,\/articles\/a-catholics-course-of-study\/canon-law\/trad-pseudo-clerics-only-simulating-mass-and-sacraments-pdf\/heresy-in-canon-law\/cum-ex-apostolatus-officio-the-old-law-governing-heresy\/<\/a> ).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Without a true pope the \u201cChurch\u201d (defined by Rev. Francis Miaskiewicz and others as the pope) cannot supply jurisdiction under Canons 209, or Can. 2261 \u00a71, nos. 2-3, (DZ 1823).<\/p>\n

\u2022 During an interregnum, the acts of those who presume to usurp papal jurisdiction or ignore or alter papal law in any way are declared null and void, (See Vacantis Apostolica Sedis on this website, preamble).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Any time doubts are raised concerning the application of Canon Law, the old law is to apply in that case, (Can. 6, nos. 2 and 4). Because so many doubts have been raised concerning the application of the laws governing heresy since the death of Pope Pius XII, the old law for these laws, Pope Paul IV\u2019s Cum ex Apostolatus Officio, (which reinstates all former laws against heresy and is the basis for almost all the Church\u2019s canon laws treating heresy), applies. See the Catholic Encyclopedia on what constitutes heresy under the old law, (see Heresy<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Catholics have an obligation to condemn what they believe is heresy, even if they cannot prove it and the Church has not yet officially condemned it, (DZ 1105).<\/p>\n

\u2022 They also have an obligation to strenuously avoid even those things that closely approach heresy, (DZ 1820).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Traditionalists err in teaching that only after warning the one committing the delict may ipso facto<\/em> excommunications be assumed to have had their effect, (DZ 1547; Cum ex Apostolatus Officio).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Silence, subterfuge and manner of acting where heresy is concerned is evidence that such heresy has been committed, (Can. 1325). This can be something as simple as a man failing to kneel or remove his hat during the consecration at Mass, (Rev. Eric MacKenzie, \u201cThe Delict of Heresy\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Heresy is to be presumed <\/em><\/strong>until Church hierarchy have determined that it indeed was not committed, (Can. 2200). This includes any external acts that may be interpreted as heresy even if they are not sinful, i.e., constitute only material heresy. This According to Rev. Adolphe Tanquerey in his \u201cDogmatic Theology\u201d for seminarians, used worldwide.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Catholics are bound to impede the unworthy from performing ecclesiastical acts, (Canons 1935, 2259).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Catholics cannot use probable opinions to determine the validity of the Sacraments (DZ 1151), the means necessary to eternal salvation or the rights of a third party. (Rev. Dominic Prummer, \u201cHandbook of Moral Theology,\u201d cites this as the unanimous opinion of modern theologians).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The following sources are available free online to facilitate study:<\/p>\n

Sources of Catholic Dogma<\/strong> by Henry Denzinger, 1955: free download<\/p>\n

http:\/\/archive.org\/details\/TheSourcesOfCatholicDogma (Vatican Council decrees)<\/p>\n

The Vatican Decrees and Their Bearing on Civil Allegiance<\/strong>, Henry Cardinal Manning, 1875, free download: http:\/\/ia700300.us.archive.org\/22\/items\/a628785800mannuoft\/a628785800mannuoft.pdf<\/p>\n

The Story of the Vatican Council<\/strong>, Henry Cardinal Manning, 1877, Free download:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_True_Story_of_the_Vatican_Council<\/a><\/p>\n

The 1917 Code of Canon Law <\/strong>http:\/\/www.archive.org\/stream\/newcanonlaw00woywuoft#page\/n13\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n

Catholic Encyclopedia, 1914<\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Summa Theologica<\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/summa\/index.html<\/a>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column]
\n\t\t\t[\/et_pb_row]
\n\t\t[\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a9 Copyright 2013, T. Stanfill Benns (This text may be downloaded or printed out for private reading, but it may not be uploaded to another Internet site or published, electronically or otherwise, without express written permission from the author. All emphasis within quotes is the author\u2019s unless indicated otherwise.) After corresponding with people from all […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":1720,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"\u00a9 Copyright 2013, T. Stanfill Benns (This text may be<\/em> downloaded or printed out for private reading, but it may not be uploaded to another Internet site or published,<\/em> electronically or otherwise, without express written permission from the author. <\/em>All emphasis within quotes is the author\u2019s unless indicated otherwise.)<\/em>\r\n\r\nAfter corresponding with people from all over the world for over 30 years and listening to their tales of woe concerning Traditionalists and other groups, I am convinced that those searching for the true faith these days need a new approach to understanding Catholicism \u2014 an approach different from those methods once used by the Church in the past when She was the Church, in all Her glory.\u00a0 For years I have been trying to determine how one should best direct people today to the Church using Her own teachings without a true pope as Her head. In the course of study, solutions have presented themselves and the intent of these most recent articles is to attempt to present them as a method that will provide a higher degree of certainty than the methods most commonly used in the past provided. This is necessary because today we have no visible Church to which we can refer people \u2014 no magnificent edifice as formerly of which can be said \u201cShe is the best proof of all that is good, holy and true.\u201d Of course all that went before still exists and is still good, holy and true. But the visible evidence of this does not exist presently, and as Rev. Patrick Madgett S.J. teaches, \u201cNo matter how learned we become, we are always more moved by present and visible things than by absent or mental things,\u201d (Christian Origins, Vol. II).\r\n\r\nWhen it comes to the juridic Church Herself today we have access to a wealth of material explaining and documenting what She was in her heyday, how she behaved and what She taught\/teaches. No one can claim they are not able to find these resources, which are readily available on the Internet. Do we have a greater obligation to educate ourselves and to seek this information out today and understand it than the early Christians? Rev. Peter Finlay S. J. believed that we did long before the advent of modern technology and the many decrees of the last three true popes (Benedict XV, Pius XI, Pius XII). In his \u201cDivine Faith\u201d he wrote: \u201cWe have the same body of doctrines set out for us [as the first Christians]; we have the advantages of [almost 20] centuries of Christian thought and meditation on them. Is it any wonder we should have a better understanding of the contents of the Divine Deposit than the Christians of the early centuries?<\/em><\/strong>...Revelation, dogma, in its most developed state is the same revelation which was preached by the Apostles to the first Christians<\/em><\/strong>; which was taught and explained by the early Fathers; which was studied and discussed by the schoolmen and the apologists; which was believed in every age by the simple Faithful; but which is now better understood, more clearly distinguished into its own component parts, more evidently opposed to the errors which it condemns<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d\r\n\r\nAnd Rev. Joseph Clifford (J. C.) Fenton, in his article, \u201cThe Religious Assent Due to the Teaching of Papal Encyclicals,\u201d wrote in 1950: \u201cA tremendous and increasingly important amount of religious teaching has been presented to the Church in papal encyclicals, and authoritatively only in these documents, especially during the past half-century. Hence it seems clear that theologians should do everything within their power to describe and explain the assent due to thee doctrines as accurately and adequately as possible,\u201d (American Ecclesiastical Review). So for those today, there are far fewer excuses for failing to \u201cread and understand\u201d revelation, considering the wealth of explanations, commentaries and papal pronouncements at our fingertips.\r\n\r\nBut first there must be an attraction to the Catholic Faith; this is God\u2019s grace at work. Unless this attraction precedes all else, interest will be lacking (although it may be mistaken for curiosity) and efforts to convert will not be successful. Because the Catacomb Church is not organized or readily visible to the observer, it is harder for those seeking truth to accept the idea of a Mystical Body of believers spread across the world in union with their Divine Head, yet absent a visible hierarchy. That this is prophecy being fulfilled before our very eyes and is only a temporary situation until Christ either re-establishes His Church or comes for the Final Judgment must be carefully demonstrated. It is not \u201cgood news\u201d to many but those who truly are drawn to the Church by grace and who love Her already believe that we live in the Latter Days. In these times we are asked to \u201cpray and watch,\u201d and this means that we must above all devote ourselves to prayer in all its many forms in order to save our own souls. We must pray; that is we must engage in both vocal and mental prayer in order that we may do a better job of knowing, loving and serving God, knowing ourselves better, and more profitably performing our daily duties<\/em><\/strong>, (Catechism of Mental Prayer, Rev. Joseph Simler). We must perform all these duties, every day, for the honor and glory of God and in reparation for our sins, as we pray in the Morning Offering. Every pious thought, every pious desire, every lifting of our hearts to God is a mental prayer<\/em><\/strong> (Ibid). As stated above, study can be joined to prayer \u2014 watching to praying \u2014 when one meditates on the subjects studied while writing them out for the benefit of others. In fact Rev. A. D. Sertillanges, O. P. tells us that study \u201cis an active prayer to truth<\/em><\/strong>,\u201d because like prayer, \u201cstudy is a desire and invocation of the True,\u201d (The Intellectual Life).\r\n\r\nIn 2 Maccabees 2: 26-28, quoted on the homepage of this site, we see that watching is associated with the labors of study, for this verse reads: \u201cWe have taken care for those indeed that are willing to read that it might be a pleasure of mind; and for the studious, that they may more easily commit it to memory: and that all that read might receive profit. And as to ourselves indeed, in undertaking this work of abridging, we have taken in hand no easy task, yea rather a business full of watching and sweat<\/em><\/strong>. But as they that prepare a feast, and seek to satisfy the will of others: for the sake of many, we willingly undergo the labor<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d Watching also includes keeping our Lord company in prayer (holy hours) for didn\u2019t the three Apostles fail Him in Gesthemane when He asked them to pray with Him and instead they slept? Watching, especially in these times, must encompass safeguarding the Divine Deposit and all that entails as well. It must find us at the feet of Jesus, learning this Deposit firsthand, and finally at the foot of the Cross, learning the true meaning of faith, hope and charity.\r\n\r\nIt is our hope that the new articles will aid those devoted to praying and watching as described above. But before readers begin studying this series, we ask that they read and take notes on the excerpts from Catholic works on faith below.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Read the chapter on \u201cFaith, the Gateway of the Church,\u201d by Rev. Patrick Madgett S. J., Xavier University, Ohio; 1943. (Please also read Pope Pius XII\u2019s Humani Generis online as Rev. Madgett\u2019s work was written prior to this encyclical and is not clear on the infallibility of papal encyclicals, defined in Humani Generis.)\r\n\r\n\u2022 Read also the chapter from Rev. John Kearney\u2019s (CS.Sp.)\u201cOur Greatest Treasure\u201d on the Gift of Faith, \u00a0(Benziger Bros., 1942).\r\n\r\n\u2022 Be sure to read and study the Vatican Council documents, (see link on last page to Sources of Catholic Dogma)\r\n\r\n\u2022 The Vatican Council documents will be much better understood if two books by Henry Cardinal Manning also are read, giving the purpose and the history of the Vatican Council. Links to free downloads of these books are found on the last page of this section.\r\n\r\n\u2022 See also links to the 1917 Code of Canon Law, the Catholic Encyclopedia and St. Thomas Aquinas\u2019 Summa below.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Finally, please read the encyclical Mystici Corporis by Pope Pius XII which can easily be found by googling the Latin words in this title.\r\n\r\nWhen you have completed this study, return to this page to begin the actual study method recommended here. This will progress through the points below.\r\n\r\nOrder of understanding faith:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u2022 Divine Faith (Christ revealing)\r\n\r\n\u2022 Divine and Catholic Faith (Christ revealing, the Church defining)\r\n\r\n\u2022 In both the ordinary and extraordinary magisterium (both equally binding, Vatican Council)\r\n\r\n\u2022 In bulls, encyclicals, constitutions, but also in addresses and allocutions (Pius XII\u2019s Humani Generis; common opinion of theologians)\r\n\r\n\u2022 In decisions of the Holy Office (as Pius IX taught in Tuas Libentur)\r\n\r\n\u2022 In Canon Law, (since the Church also is infallible in Her disciplinary decrees, according to the Vatican Council).\r\n\r\nFundamental truths:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u2022 The Church cannot and has not changed Her dogma from the beginning of Her existence, (DZ 1800, DZ 2145).\r\n\r\n\u2022 Once the popes have spoken on any matter, the subject is forever closed, (DZ 161).\r\n\r\n\u2022 No proofs of lesser weight can gainsay a document signed by the Roman Pontiff, (<\/strong>\/articles\/a-catholics-course-of-study\/canon-law\/pontifical-acts-provide-irrefutable-proofs-in-canonical-cases-links\/<\/a> ; Canons 1812, 1816, 1819).\r\n\r\n\u2022 Infallible documents of both the ordinary and extraordinary magisterium demand an irrevocable assent, (DZ 349, 357,1792).\r\n\r\n\u2022 The popes may not be judged by anyone, (DZ 497; DZ 1830).\r\n\r\n\u2022 No pope, as true pope, can ever \u201cfall\u201d into heresy, although he can appear to do so. (Paul IV\u2019s Cum Ex Apostolatus Officio, 1559,\/articles\/a-catholics-course-of-study\/canon-law\/trad-pseudo-clerics-only-simulating-mass-and-sacraments-pdf\/heresy-in-canon-law\/cum-ex-apostolatus-officio-the-old-law-governing-heresy\/<\/a> ).\r\n\r\n\u2022 Without a true pope the \u201cChurch\u201d (defined by Rev. Francis Miaskiewicz and others as the pope) cannot supply jurisdiction under Canons 209, or Can. 2261 \u00a71, nos. 2-3, (DZ 1823).\r\n\r\n\u2022 During an interregnum, the acts of those who presume to usurp papal jurisdiction or ignore or alter papal law in any way are declared null and void, (See Vacantis Apostolica Sedis on this website, preamble).\r\n\r\n\u2022 Any time doubts are raised concerning the application of Canon Law, the old law is to apply in that case, (Can. 6, nos. 2 and 4). Because so many doubts have been raised concerning the application of the laws governing heresy since the death of Pope Pius XII, the old law for these laws, Pope Paul IV\u2019s Cum ex Apostolatus Officio, (which reinstates all former laws against heresy and is the basis for almost all the Church\u2019s canon laws treating heresy), applies. See the Catholic Encyclopedia on what constitutes heresy under the old law, (see Heresy<\/em>).\r\n\r\n\u2022 Catholics have an obligation to condemn what they believe is heresy, even if they cannot prove it and the Church has not yet officially condemned it, (DZ 1105).\r\n\r\n\u2022 They also have an obligation to strenuously avoid even those things that closely approach heresy, (DZ 1820).\r\n\r\n\u2022 Traditionalists err in teaching that only after warning the one committing the delict may ipso facto<\/em> excommunications be assumed to have had their effect, (DZ 1547; Cum ex Apostolatus Officio).\r\n\r\n\u2022 Silence, subterfuge and manner of acting where heresy is concerned is evidence that such heresy has been committed, (Can. 1325). This can be something as simple as a man failing to kneel or remove his hat during the consecration at Mass, (Rev. Eric MacKenzie, \u201cThe Delict of Heresy\u201d).\r\n\r\n\u2022 Heresy is to be presumed <\/em><\/strong>until Church hierarchy have determined that it indeed was not committed, (Can. 2200). This includes any external acts that may be interpreted as heresy even if they are not sinful, i.e., constitute only material heresy. This According to Rev. Adolphe Tanquerey in his \u201cDogmatic Theology\u201d for seminarians, used worldwide.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Catholics are bound to impede the unworthy from performing ecclesiastical acts, (Canons 1935, 2259).\r\n\r\n\u2022 Catholics cannot use probable opinions to determine the validity of the Sacraments (DZ 1151), the means necessary to eternal salvation or the rights of a third party. (Rev. Dominic Prummer, \u201cHandbook of Moral Theology,\u201d cites this as the unanimous opinion of modern theologians).\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe following sources are available free online to facilitate study:\r\n\r\nSources of Catholic Dogma<\/strong> by Henry Denzinger, 1955: free download\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/archive.org\/details\/TheSourcesOfCatholicDogma (Vatican Council decrees)\r\n\r\nThe Vatican Decrees and Their Bearing on Civil Allegiance<\/strong>, Henry Cardinal Manning, 1875, free download: http:\/\/ia700300.us.archive.org\/22\/items\/a628785800mannuoft\/a628785800mannuoft.pdf\r\n\r\nThe Story of the Vatican Council<\/strong>, Henry Cardinal Manning, 1877, Free download:\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_True_Story_of_the_Vatican_Council<\/a>\r\n\r\nThe 1917 Code of Canon Law <\/strong>http:\/\/www.archive.org\/stream\/newcanonlaw00woywuoft#page\/n13\/mode\/2up<\/a>\r\n\r\nCatholic Encyclopedia, 1914<\/strong>\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nSumma Theologica<\/strong>\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/summa\/index.html<\/a>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1724"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1724"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1724\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4720,"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1724\/revisions\/4720"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.betrayedcatholics.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}