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(None of what appears on this site — in whole or in part — may be used without the express and written permission of the author. Under the provisions of U.S. copyright law, David Bawden now must remove any and all copy written by Teresa L. [T. Stanfill] Benns from all his sites. Any support, explicit or implied, in any article remaining on these sites is hereby withdrawn. All copy written by Bawden once offered as free downloads on this site has been removed.)

Heresy by Degrees

Why I no longer support "Pope Michael"

Introduction

Heresy according to Cum ex

Pre-election heresy

Summary

Errors in Dogma

Heresy and culpability

Scholasticism and heresy

Bawden's web pages

Clerical Fitness

Cardinal-deacons and papal election law

Investigating priestly candidates

Holiness of Life

St. John Chrysostom on fitness of priests

Saints and Fathers on fitness and examination

Papal candidates and experience

Episcopal residency

Ordination of a lay pope

True and false jurisdiction

Shepherd or hireling?

Common Error
and Apostolic Succession

Catholic Intuition

A doubtful pope

Duties of superiors and subjects

Choosing a suitable spiritual leader

Pius XIII hoax

Miscellaneous

Please Don't Read This Book

Chiefly Among Women

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident."— Arthur Schopenhauer
"Whoever sincerely seeks the truth is already by that fact armed with a terrible force." — Theodor Dostoyevsky
"Truths and principles are divine; they govern the world. To suffer for them is the greatest glory of man." — Cardinal Manning
"Nothing conquers except truth; the victory of truth is charity." — St. Augustine
"Every truth without exception — and whoever may utter it — is from the Holy Ghost." — St. Thomas Aquinas
"Truth is one and invariable but error is variable and manifold." — Orestes Brownson
"The greater the truth, the worse the libel!" — St. Thomas More
"Fact and argument are the tests of truth and error." — Cardinal Newman
"Truth wears a crown of thorns"
Sr. Faustina Kowlaska
Some Important Links

To learn more about episcopal consecration and the necessity of apostolic succession, please visit:

http://www.jmjsite.com/there%20will%20always%20be%20catholic%20bishops.html

Also, please read my reply to a piece written over 10 years ago, a piece that now makes perfect sense in light of my discovery of David Bawden's pre-election heresies:

http://www.jmjsite.com/page370.html

 
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